The TURC analytical chemistry laboratory is an ISO / IEC accredited laboratory that provides testing services to all industries on a range of materials. Testing is guided by the customer's need for benchmarking, product comparison, product verification, and defect analysis.
The methodology used for testing is based on the analyzed materials. Testing is done according to ASTM, API, EPA, MIL-Spec guidelines and other approved methods. Additionally, TURC supports client-provided methods and in-house method development.
Routine material testing includes, but is not limited to, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, metal alloys, process solutions, raw materials and petroleum products. Raw materials and by-products such as steel additives, flux, ceramic / refractories, slag, scrap, warehouse dust, coal and coke and slurry.
In addition to the chemical composition of the materials, Clark takes physical chemistry Our Particle Characterization laboratory provides through; supports particle size, density, porosimetry and surface area determinations. Our lubricants ve Corrosion We offer special corrosion testing in our laboratories. Also mechanical tests involving tensile and hardness.
Chemical compositions are obtained by instrumentation as follows:
The materials we analyze support Agriculture, Medical / Pharmaceutical, Food and Beverage, Electronics, Energy, Primary Metals and Heavy Industry. Some specific examples between batteries Ceramics, Packaging Materials (VCI) and various Industrial Minerals tests can be counted for.
Elemental analysis is performed with OES, ICP, WD-XRF or XRD.
OES:
Optical Emission is a less destructive technique used to determine the elemental composition of solid metals. Common for verification and error analysis, the surface of the metal is first cleaned and polished. The surface of the sample is 'sparked' to determine the basic composition. With this technique, only samples containing Iron are analyzed; According to ASTM E1086 and ASTM E415. We call this test "Steel Chemistry".
Typical: Al, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Nb, P, Si, Ti, V, Fe-Balance
ICP:
If it is solid, the material is crushed or cut / ground first. The material is digested in a liquid solution and each element is analyzed by ICP for elemental composition as total metal, reported individually. The method used is determined by the material tested; in particular, the acid is digested and / or fused with the borate flux.
If liquids are not analyzed as received, they are similarly digested and analyzed.
Typical: Al, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti, V, W, Zn
Results are reported as Elemental or Elemental Oxides, depending on the material analyzed.
WD XRF-:
This technique is often used for ceramic / refractory or petroleum products. Changing raw materials, ceramics, ores and fluxes are first crushed as needed, oxidized (Ignition Change or Ignition Loss) and fused to determine elemental oxides.
Typical: Si02, AI203, CaO, MgO, P2O5, K2O, Na20, Fe203, MnO, Ti02, Cr203, V2O4, Zr02, plus CaF2 and F
Petroleum products they are received It is analyzed as such and tested for wear or additional elements. Analysis supported by ASTM D6443 and ASTM D2622.
Typical: S, Cl, P, Ca, Zn, Na, Mg, Si; others on request
XRD:
X-ray Diffraction is carried out on solids. This technique provides Crystalline Phase Identification, which are compounds found in the material. Reported as a qualitative / Semi-Quantitative baseline, this technique is essential to understanding the basic structure of the material. The Particle Characterization test is a common addition to more information on material properties.
Crystalline Silica determinations are also made by XRD. This technique is based on the NIOSH 0.1 method with a low reporting limit of 7500%. Test materials for Crystalline Silica have become more common due to the implementation of the new OSHA standard. Analysis independently quantifies α-Quartz, Cristobalite and Tridymite.
Other common test parameters include:
INNER:
Anion determinations are common for a variety of liquids; process solutions, stripping solutions, coatings, emulsions, etc. In many cases, the solution is analyzed as received. Whereas if organics are present, the material is first tested with ASTM D808 to eliminate the presence of organic matter.
Bulk materials are typically filtered, the leachate analyzed for anion concentration.
Typical: Fluoride, Chloride, Nitrite, Bromide, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphite, Sulphate
Induction furnace:
Solids determined by combustion are first crushed or cut / ground and analyzed with an induction furnace to determine Carbon, Sulfur, Oxygen or Nitrogen. Carbon / Sulfur is most common in a variety of raw materials and metals; Oxygen and nitrogen in metals only, ASTM E1019.
Chemiluminescence and UV-Fluorescence:
Nitrogen and Sulfur, typical for petroleum related materials, are common test parameters following ASTM D5762 and ASTM D5453.
Age Chemistry:
Wet Chemistry is a general category of benchtop tests that includes titrations, distillations, and changing chemical reactions. Some examples:
A common test for metallic iron-bearing slag, ore, sinter and samples. The material is first crushed to -200 mesh. After a few steps Metallic Iron, FeO and Total Iron are determined. Fe3O4 can be measured separately with XRD.
Following the IP 346 method, polycyclic aromatics are designated as petroleum products; especially unused additive-free lubricating base oils and asphaltene free petroleum fractions
This test is common on steel sheet. A technique used to determine the amount of oil on the surface. Common additions to this test are Metal Fines and Soaps.
Specific test parameters include:
The test reveals differences in structure, streamlines, columnar structure, dendrites, segregation, inclusions, and surface defects. It is a test to measure the internal quality of cast and forged steel products. ASTM E340
Sulfur Printing:
The sulfur stress test shows the distribution of sulfides in steels. The sulfur print image reveals details such as solidification pattern, deoxidation efficiency, segregation, porosity, cracking. ASTM E1180 This test completes the Macroetch test.
Wear:
Testing according to API guidelines
Failure analysis:
The work may include a detailed visual inspection with photographic documentation of the findings, metallographic evaluations with micro-hardness for properties, microstructure and material defects, scanning electron microscopy (SEM / EDS) fractography examinations to determine the failure mode and characterize the properties of interest. A formal report includes a discussion of results and conclusions.